Final Exam

1. 2025 July | Self Test
2. 2025 February | Self Test
3. 2024 January | Self Test January 24
4. 2024 July | Self Test
5. 2023 July | Self Test
6. 2023 February | Self Test
7. 2022 August | Self Test
8. 2021 July | Self Test

GROUP PROJECT

CLO 3

Discuss ethical dilemmas in digital contexts while advocating responsible and sustainable technology use.

Assessment Weightage - 20%

Total Marks - 20 marks

Assessment Methods - Peer ethics discussion while advocating responsible and sustainable

technology use and Value justification.

Topics Covered

1) Lab: Word Processing Software

2) Lab: Presentation Software

When - Week 10-13

Group Project Instructions:

• Grouping - Groups of up to five (5) members only.
• The Group Project will be conducted from Week 10 to Week 13 and guidelines will be provided
• The project will be evaluated using the rubrics
• All project outcomes (report and presentation slides) must be submitted via the online platform specified by the Lecturer
• Students must ensure that submissions are completed before the deadline.

Project Components:

The project consists of TWO (2) parts:

(i) Word Processing Software

(Rubric: 10 marks)

(ii) Presentation Software

(Rubric: 10 marks)

(Total: 20 marks)

LAB TEST

CLO 2

Demonstrate effective use of productivity software to solve accounting problems aligned with sustainable practices.

Assessment Weightage - 15%

Total Marks - 15 marks

Assessment Methods - Proficiency with productivity software functions and sustainable practices and resource use

Topics Covered

1) Lab: Spreadsheet Software

2) Lab: Database Software (Microsoft Access)

When - Week 9

Duration - 1 1/2 Hours

Method - face-to-face classroom setting

The LAB TEST will consist of TWO (2) parts:

(i) PART A – Spreadsheet Software

Students are required to demonstrate effective use of spreadsheet software to solve accounting

problems related to sustainability.

Students should be able to:

• enter and organise data correctly
• use basic formulas (SUM, AVERAGE, MIN, MAX)
• analyse the data to support decision-making
• create a simple chart
• show how the solution supports efficient and sustainable use of resources

(Rubric: 5 marks)

(ii) PART B – Database Software

Students are required to demonstrate effective use of database software to solve accounting problems

related to sustainability.

Students should be able to:

• create tables with appropriate fields
• define data types correctly
• create relationships between tables
• build queries to answer questions
• generate a report
• Show how your solution helps improve efficiency and sustainability

(Rubric: 10 marks)

(Total: 15 marks)

OBE-SCL

What is  OBE-SCL 

Stands for Outcome-Based Education and Student-Centred Learning. This is an important approach used in UiTM, including for Diploma in Accountancy students.

What is  OBE

First, let us understand OBE. Outcome-Based Education means your course is designed based on the learning outcomes that you must achieve by the end of the semester. 

In other words, the focus is not only on what the lecturer teaches, but on what you are able to do after learning. For example, after learning a topic in accounting, you should be able to record transactions correctly, prepare financial statements, interpret accounting information, and apply knowledge to solve problems.

This means:

• every subject has clear learning outcomes
• teaching is planned based on those outcomes
• assessments are used to check whether students achieved them
• It is not only about teaching. It is about making sure students can actually do something useful after learning.

What is  SCL 

SCL, or Student-Centred Learning. This means students are not supposed to just sit, listen, and copy notes. 

Instead, students must be actively involved in the learning process. You may be asked to join discussions, answer questions, solve exercises, analyse cases, do group work, and give presentations. 

In this approach, the lecturer becomes a guide or facilitator, while students take a more active role in learning.

Students are expected to:

• join discussions
• answer questions
• solve problems
• do group activities
• present ideas
• think critically
• Students do not just listen. Students must be involved.

For Diploma in Accountancy students

OBE-SCL is very suitable because accounting is not a subject that can be mastered by memorising only. 

You must practise, understand concepts, and know how to apply them. For example, it is not enough to memorise the format of a financial statement. 

You must know how to prepare it correctly and explain the meaning of the figures.

In OBE-SCL, assessments such as quizzes, tests, assignments, tutorials, presentations, and final exams are all linked to the course outcomes. This means every assessment is there for a reason. It is meant to measure whether you have achieved the required skills and knowledge.

Why is OBE-SCL important for accounting students?

Accounting is not just theory. Students must know how to:

• record transactions
• prepare journals and ledgers
• prepare financial statements
• analyse accounting information
• solve business problems
• make decisions based on data
• So, students need practice, not memorising only.

How does OBE-SCL happen in class?

In class, lecturers may use:

• lectures
• tutorials
• exercises
• case studies
• discussions
• presentations
• quizzes and tests
• These activities help students achieve the learning outcomes.

How are students assessed?

Students may be assessed through:

• class activities
• assignments
• quizzes
• tests
• presentations
• final exam
• These assessments are linked to the course outcomes.

What is the lecturer’s role?

The lecturer:

• explains the topic
• guides students
• gives activities
• checks understanding
• provides feedback
• The lecturer is not only a speaker, but also a facilitator.

So, what is your role as a student? 

Your role is to attend class, participate actively, ask questions, complete tasks, and take responsibility for your own learning. If you are active and willing to practise, OBE-SCL can help you become a more confident and competent accounting student.

The student must:

• attend class
• participate actively
• complete tasks
• ask questions
• revise lessons
• practise accounting questions

Conclusion

OBE-SCL is not just a teaching method. It is a learning approach that helps students become more independent, more engaged, and better prepared for academic success and future careers. As Diploma in Accountancy students, you should not only aim to pass exams, but also aim to achieve the learning outcomes and become capable in real accounting tasks.

OBE-SCL helps students become:

• more active
• more responsible
• more confident
• better prepared for exams and future work
• For Diploma in Accountancy students, OBE-SCL is important because it helps you understand accounting and apply it correctly, not just memorise notes.

Entrance survey

Introduction

The Entrance Survey is a survey that students complete at the beginning of the course. 

Entrance Survey is an early-semester course survey done at the beginning of the teaching period, not the final course evaluation. In UiTM’s current UFuture academic calendar for Diploma/Degree (Mar–Aug 2026), the Entrance Survey is scheduled from 30 March to 3 May 2026 and is activated from week 1 until week 5. UiTM’s academic calendar also lists Entrance Survey as a formal academic activity near the start of the semester, before Exit Survey later in the term.

Purpose

Its purpose is to help the lecturer understand your starting level before we go further into the subject. In other words, it shows what you already know, what you are less confident about, and which areas may need more guidance.

UiTM research on its teaching quality system explains that the entrance survey is done at the beginning of the course, the exit survey at the end, and the difference between the two helps show the learning that happened during the semester as part of continuous quality improvement (CQI) in an Outcome-Based Education (OBE) setting.

For accounting students

For diploma of accountancy students, this means the survey is basically a “starting balance” of your learning. In accounting language, think of it like this: before the lecturer can see how much value was added during the semester, they need to know your opening position first. If many students say they are weak in topics such as double entry, adjustments, trial balance, financial statement preparation, or ratio interpretation, the lecturer can slow down, revise foundations, add more examples, or provide extra exercises. That practical use is consistent with how UiTM places Entrance Survey at the start of the syllabus and semester flow. 

Conclusion

This survey is not an exam, and it is not meant to punish anyone. It is simply a way to collect useful information so that teaching and learning can be improved. So, please answer honestly. If you do not understand something yet, just answer truthfully. Honest answers help me teach you better. Later, at the end of the semester, the Exit Survey will show how much you have improved. So, take the Entrance Survey seriously because it helps both you and your lecturer.”

AIS160 CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT - Test

CLO 1

Analyze the interrelationships between information technology, ethics, and cybersecurity to explain their systemic impacts on sustainable development at individual and societal levels.

Assessment Weightage - 15%

Total Marks - 50 marks

Assessment Methods - Understanding of IT systems, ethics, and cybersecurity

Topics Covered

1) Overview of Today’ Technology

2) Computing Components

When - Week 5 (*26/4 – 30/4)

Duration - 1 1/2 Hours

Method - face-to-face classroom setting

The TEST will consist of TWO (2) parts:

(i) PART A – 17 true/false questions (17 marks)

(ii) PART B – 33 multiple-choice questions (33 marks)

Exercise

1. Oct23
2. May23
3. Dec22
4. May22
5. Dec21
6. Feb21 

Done

Minggu 11 : Final Quiz

1. Menjawab Final Quiz dalam portal POWER atau sesi soal jawab bersama pelajar dalam menguji kefahaman tentang konsep pengurusan kewangan peribadi

Minggu 10 : Tugasan Berkumpulan: Pembentangan Case Study

1. Artikel ditulis secara individu 
2. Sumber dari media cetak atau kisah sebenar (nama sebenar ditukar) 
3. 3 hingga 5 mukasurat sahaja 
4. Video pendek - 5+/- minit sahaja 
5. Presentation secara berkumpulan 

Minggu 9 : Lanskap Kewangan

1. Memahami konsep FINTECH (e-Pembayaran dan Cryptocurrency)
2. Aktiviti : Mengenal pasti kaedah e-pembayaran yang telah diperkenalkan di Malaysia

Minggu 8 : Persaraan

1. Menerangkan persediaan menghadapi persaraan terutama dalam kewangan
2. Aktiviti : Isu dan Cabaran Persaraan masa kini dan persediaan masa hadapan

Minggu 7 : Membina Kekayaan

1. Menerangkan Kepentingan Pelaburan
2. Memahami Jenis-Jenis Pelaburan
3. Mengenal pasti Penipuan Kewangan di Malaysia
4. Aktiviti : Layari Pautan BNMLINK untuk mengenal pasti syarikat-syarikat pelaburan yang telah disenarai hitam oleh pihak Bank Negara atau Suruhanjaya Sekuriti

Minggu 6 : Perlindungan

1. Pembentangan 3 minit 'Hasil Kerja' - Mind Map semua kumpulan 
2. Menerangkan Kepentingan Merancang Risiko 
3. Memahami Jenis Insurans / Takaful 
4. Aktiviti : Case Study / Keratan Akbar tentang isu dan kesan jika tiada perlindungan kewanga

Minggu 5 : Pengurusan Hutang

Download - Nota

1. Pembentangan 3 minit 'Hasil Kerja' - Mind Map semua kumpulan 
2. Pinjam atau tidak - Nota 
3. Mengenal pasti Tanda – Tanda Masalah Keberhutangan - Nota 
4. Menerangkan situasi Kebankrapan apabila seseorang gagal membayar pinjaman
5. Memahami kesan Perkahwinan dan Hutang
6. Aktiviti : Nisbah Hutang kepada Pendapatan - Nota
7. Rujukan : Memahami nilai mata wang
8. Rujukan : Meningkatkan nilai bersih anda
9. Rujukan : Mengelak masalah kewangan
10. Rujukan : Bagaimana saya belanja duit raya 

 

Minggu 4 : Asas Meminjam

Videos

1. Kad kredit, 
2. Kereta, 
3. Kira loan kereta, 
4. Rumah, 
5. Bayar rumah, 
6. Fungsi AKPK

Lecture Notes

Self Test - ST1 | ST2 | ST3 |

1. Menerangkan Jenis-Jenis Pinjaman (Nota KK)
2. Menerangkan kelebihan dan ciri-ciri Kad Kredit
3. Tatacara Membeli Kereta 
4. Tatacara Membeli Rumah 
5. Aktiviti : Contoh Pengiraan Kereta 
6. Hasil Kerja -
7. Hasil Kerja Senior - Mind Map semua kumpulan 

Minggu 3 : Pengurusan Aliran Tunai

1. Grouping ??? (xxxx) 
2. EE Survey 
3. Pembentangan kumpulan 5 minit shj - matlamat kewangan 
4. Menerangkan Komponen Aliran Tunai
5. Membuat Bajet
6. Membezakan Keperluan dan Kehendak 
7. Aktiviti : Membuat Bajet kewangan berdasarkan situasi semasa (SELEPAS RAYA)
8. Rujukan : Perancangan kewangan peribadi
9. Nota : Mengurus wang anda

Imagine this

Perbelanjaan : 

Belanja Makan  1000

Sewa rumah / loan rumah 1000

Axia 350

Petrol 400

TNB 250

Internet 100

Phone 200

Air 40

Belanja Anak sekolah 500

Belanja lain 200

Insurance 200

Travelling 200

Simpanan 300

------------------

Balance : - RM 740

Minggu 2 : Pengenalan Pengurusan Kewangan Peribadi

1. Menerangkan akan kepentingan Perancangan Kewangan 
2. Memahami 6 Langkah Perancangan Kewangan 
3. Mengulas bagaimana untuk Mencapai Kebebasan Kewangan  
4. Imagine this
5. Aktiviti : Menetapkan Matlamat Kewangan 
6. Rujukan 1 : Matlamat kewangan 
7. Rujukan 2 : Perancangan kewangan 
8. Tarikh Kelas ganti 
9. Group - Aktiviti : Menetapkan Matlamat Kewangan 
10. Grouping 
11. Minggu 3 - Pembentangan kumpulan 5 minit shj

Minggu 1 : Taklimat dan Pengenalan Kursus

1. Taklimat Pelaksanaan Kokurikulum 
2. Taklimat Kandungan dan Penilaian Kursus 
3. Pengenalan AKPK - https://www.akpk.org.my/ms/about-introduction
4. Panduan Pendaftaran Pembelajaran Atas Talian (PFM) melalui portal POWER (bahan rujukan kursus) - https://power.akpk.org.my/
5. Video to watch - Program Pembudayaan Integriti Siri 1/2024 | Keberkatan Rezeki 
6. Grouping - Download, fill it up and upload at whatsapp group

The Student Learning Time (SLT) plan for AIS160

The Student Learning Time (SLT) plan for AIS160 shows how the course workload is distributed across topics, teaching activities, student preparation, and assessments. 

It tells us how many hours students are expected to spend learning this course, both inside and outside the classroom.

1. What the main columns mean

F2F - Face-to-face learning such as lectures, tutorials, or guided class/lab sessions.

NF2F - Non-face-to-face learning such as guided online or blended activities.

SPT - Student Preparation Time, meaning self-study, revision, preparation, practice, or completing learning tasks outside class.

SLT - Student Learning Time, which is the total time spent by students.

A formula to explain is: SLT = F2F + NF2F + SPT

2. What the topic rows show

Each topic has allocated hours for:

• lecture or tutorial time,
• guided learning activities,
• and the time students need to prepare on their own.

For example:

• Overview of Today’s Technologies has 2 hours lecture F2F and 4 hours student preparation (SPT), so the total SLT is 6 hours for that row.
• Another row for the same topic shows 1 hour tutorial F2F, so that is a separate learning component.

That is why some topics appear twice: one row is for lecture/lab/blended activity, and another row is for the tutorial/supporting session.

3. What the totals mean

From the sheet:

Total SLT Hours = 120

Total F2F Hours = 48

Total NF2F Hours = 4

Total SPT Hours = 68

MQA Credit = 3

So the overall meaning is:

The course requires students to spend 120 learning hours in total. Out of these, 48 hours are face-to-face, 4 hours are guided non-face-to-face, and 68 hours are self-preparation time. This total supports the allocation of 3 MQA credits.”

4. What the assessment section means

The assessment part also contributes to SLT. It includes:

• Group Project
• Lab Test
• Test
• Final Examination

These are not just marks; they also represent the time students spend preparing and completing them.

For example:

• Group Project - 4 hours NF2F
• Lab Test - 1.5 hours F2F + 3 hours SPT = 4.5 hours SLT
• Test - 1.5 hours F2F + 3 hours SPT = 4.5 hours SLT
• Final Examination - 3 hours F2F + 6 hours SPT = 9 hours SLT

Total assessment contribution:

• 22 hours SLT
• 6 hours F2F
• 4 hours NF2F
• 12 hours SPT

Summary

• The SLT table for AIS160 outlines the total student workload required to achieve the course learning outcomes. 
• It distributes learning time across face-to-face teaching, guided non-face-to-face activities, student preparation, and assessments. 
• The course carries a total of 120 student learning hours, comprising 48 hours of face-to-face learning, 4 hours of guided non-face-to-face learning, and 68 hours of self-directed preparation, which aligns with the allocation of 3 MQA credits.

Quick Revision Summary

• Digital literacy = knowing how to use digital tools well.
• Digital citizen = using technology responsibly.
• Internet = global connection of computers.
• IoT = smart devices connected to the internet.
• Embedded computer = computer inside another device.
• Privacy = control over personal information.
• Identity theft = misuse of personal information.
• Convergence = many technologies combined into one device.
• Netiquette = polite and proper online behaviour.
• Plagiarism = copying others’ work without credit.
• Green computing = environmentally friendly use of technology.
• Assistive technology = tools that help users with disabilities.

Conclusion

• Technology is everywhere in modern life. 
• It helps people learn, work, communicate, and solve problems. 
• However, students must not only know how to use technology, but also how to use it safely, ethically, and responsibly. 
• Understanding privacy, digital citizenship, convergence, and assistive technology is important for becoming a smart and responsible user of today’s technology.

Ethics and issues assistive Technology

17. What is convergence?

• Convergence means different technologies are combined into one device or system. 
• For example, a smartphone can be used to call, message, browse the internet, take photos, watch videos, play games, and use apps. 
• In the past, many of these functions needed separate devices. 
• Today, one device can do many things.

18. Examples of converged devices

• Examples of devices discussed in the slides include laptops, tablets, e-book readers, desktops, all-in-one computers, smartphones, earbuds, digital cameras, digital media players, streaming tools, smartwatches, activity trackers, and gaming devices. 
• This shows how technology keeps becoming more compact and multifunctional.

19. Legal, ethical, and moral use of technology

• Using technology is not only about skill, but also about judgement. 
• Before doing something online, we should ask: 
• Is it legal? Is it ethical? Is it moral? 
• For example, copying content without giving credit may be easy, but it may still be wrong. 
• A good digital citizen must think before acting online.

20. Netiquette

• Netiquette means proper behaviour on the internet. 
• It includes being polite in messages, respecting others in online discussions, avoiding offensive comments, and behaving responsibly on social media. 
• Good netiquette helps create a healthier and safer digital environment.

21. Cyberbullying and distracted driving

• Cyberbullying is bullying that happens through digital devices such as phones, social media, messaging apps, and email. 
• It can seriously harm victims. 
• Another issue is distracted driving, such as using a phone while driving. 
• Technology should help people, not put them in danger. 
• Users must be disciplined and responsible.

22. Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)

• An Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) is a set of rules for using technology in schools, businesses, or organizations. 
• It explains what users are allowed and not allowed to do. 
• AUP helps protect systems, employees, students, customers, and information.

23. Plagiarism

• Plagiarism means copying someone else’s work and claiming it as your own. 
• Technology makes copying easier, but it also makes checking easier through tools like plagiarism detection systems. 
• Students must always cite sources and produce original work.

24. Green computing and e-waste

• Green computing means using technology in a way that reduces harm to the environment. 
• This includes saving electricity, using energy-efficient devices, recycling electronic waste, donating usable equipment, using less paper, and properly disposing of old devices. 
• This is important because technology creates waste that can damage the environment if not managed properly.

25. Accessibility and assistive technology

• Accessibility means removing barriers so that people with disabilities can use technology. 
• Assistive technology includes devices, software, or tools that help users overcome challenges. 
• Examples include screen readers, Braille printers, on-screen keyboards, speech recognition software, graphic organizers, and audiobooks. 
• These tools help users learn, work, and communicate more effectively.

26. Why assistive technology matters

• Assistive technology is important because everyone should have equal access to information and services. 
• Technology should be inclusive, not exclusive. 
• When systems are designed to be accessible, more people can participate fully in education, work, and society.

How to use technology in your job search?

15. Using technology for job search

• Technology is also useful when looking for a job. 
• Students should build a professional online presence. 
• This means using professional profiles, sharing suitable information, and showing skills or achievements online. 
• Platforms like LinkedIn can help users build networks and connect with employers. 
• Students should avoid funny or unsuitable profile names and should think carefully before posting online.

16. Useful skills and certifications

• The slides show that technology-related certifications can be useful in areas such as application software, data analytics, databases, web design, hardware, networking, operating systems, programming, and cybersecurity. 
• These skills can improve employability and make graduates more competitive in the job market.

How to Protect your privacy?

12. Privacy and personal information

• Privacy means your right to control your personal information and protect yourself from unwanted attention or misuse. 
• Personal information can include your full name, phone number, address, email, age, and other private details. 
• If this information is stolen or misused, it can lead to identity theft, where someone uses your personal data for fraud or crime.

13. How personal information can be stolen

• Personal information can be stolen in many ways. 
• Examples include phishing (fake emails or messages to trick people), pretexting (pretending to be someone else), stealing wallets or documents, and collecting data from online activity. 
• This shows why students must be careful when sharing information online or responding to suspicious messages.

14. How to protect your privacy

• To protect your privacy, do not share personal details carelessly. 
• Be careful with phone calls, emails, websites, and apps asking for private information. 
• Store important documents safely, check financial statements regularly, and read app permissions before allowing access to your data. 
• Simple good habits can reduce privacy risks.

How technology impacts you, society and professional world?

1. What is technology?

• Technology means the tools, devices, systems, and applications that help people do work, communicate, learn, and solve problems. 
• Today, technology is part of daily life at home, in school, in business, and in society.

2. What is digital literacy?

• Digital literacy means having the knowledge and skills to use computers, mobile devices, the internet, and digital tools properly. 
• A digitally literate person knows how to search for information, use apps, communicate online, and stay safe when using technology.

3. What is a digital citizen?

• A digital citizen is a person who uses technology in a responsible, safe, legal, and ethical way. 
• It is not enough to know how to use technology; we must also know how to use it correctly. 
• For example, we should respect others online, protect privacy, and avoid plagiarism or cyberbullying.

4. Basic technology terms

• A computer is an electronic device that accepts data, processes it, and produces information. 
• Memory stores data and instructions for the computer. 
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of connected computers. 
• A network is when two or more computers are connected to share resources. 
• Wi-Fi allows devices to connect wirelessly. 
• A server is a powerful computer that stores files and services for other users.

5. How technology affects you

• Technology affects students and workers every day. 
• We use phones to check directions, communicate with others, make payments, join online classes, and access information quickly. 
• Social media helps people connect and share content, while big data helps organizations analyse large amounts of information. 
• In simple words, technology makes life faster, easier, and more connected.

6. How technology affects society

• Technology has changed society over time. 
• Earlier computers were very large, expensive, and used a lot of power. 
• Today, technology is smaller, faster, and more powerful. 
• Modern society uses technology in homes, transport, education, healthcare, business, and entertainment. 
• One important development is the Internet of Things (IoT), where devices can connect and communicate through the internet. 
• Examples include smart home devices, smartwatches, and connected vehicles.

7. Internet of Things (IoT)

• IoT means everyday devices are connected to the internet and can send or receive data. 
• These are often called smart devices. 
• For example, a smart thermostat can control room temperature, a fitness tracker can record health data, and a smart refrigerator can help monitor groceries. 
• In business, IoT is used in manufacturing, transport, retail, and healthcare to improve efficiency and decision-making.

8. Embedded computers

• An embedded computer is a computer built into another device to do a specific job. 
• It is not a general-purpose computer like a laptop. 
• For example, cars use embedded computers for GPS, adaptive cruise control, and tyre pressure monitoring. 
• ATMs, washing machines, and many smart appliances also use embedded computers.

9. Digital divide

• The digital divide is the gap between people who have access to technology and the internet and those who do not. 
• This gap may happen because of income, location, education, age, or other social factors. 
• The digital divide is important because people without access may face difficulties in education, work, communication, and services.

10. Technology in the professional world

• Technology is very important in the workplace. 
• Companies use digital tools to connect employees, share documents, communicate, and improve productivity. 
• Examples include online collaboration software, video conferencing, learning management systems, telemedicine, delivery tracking, and computer-aided manufacturing. 
• Technology helps businesses work faster, reduce errors, and serve customers better.

11. Technology in education and healthcare

• In education, teachers and students use learning platforms, online discussions, and interactive whiteboards. 
• In healthcare, professionals use mobile health tools, digital records, telemedicine, and even 3D printing. 
• These technologies save time, improve access, and support better service delivery. education, work, communication, and services.

Digital citizens

Digital citizens 

• A digital citizen is a person who uses digital technologies and the internet in a responsible, safe, ethical, and effective way. 
• This includes how someone communicates online, shares information, protects personal data, respects others, and uses technology to learn, work, and participate in society.
• In simple terms, being a digital citizen is not just about knowing how to use a phone, laptop, or social media. 
• It is about using digital tools wisely. 
• A person may be very skilled with technology, but if they spread false information, bully others online, or ignore privacy and security, that person is not practicing good digital citizenship.

Meaning of digital citizenship

• Digital citizenship refers to the standards of behavior expected when people use digital devices, online platforms, and virtual environments. 
• It involves understanding both the rights and responsibilities of being online.

For example, a good digital citizen:

• communicates respectfully in emails, chats, and social media
• protects passwords and personal information
• checks whether online information is true before sharing it
• respects copyright and does not plagiarize
• avoids cyberbullying and harmful behavior
• uses technology productively for learning, work, and social good

Why digital citizenship is important

Today, much of life happens online. 

People study, shop, bank, work, socialize, and get news through digital platforms. 

Because of this, poor online behavior can cause real harm, such as:

• identity theft
• cyberbullying
• scams and fraud
• misinformation
• privacy violations
• damage to reputation
• academic dishonesty

Digital citizenship is important because it helps people become:

• safe users of technology
• ethical members of online communities
• critical thinkers when facing online content
• responsible communicators
• productive learners and workers

Main characteristics of a digital citizen

A digital citizen usually shows several key qualities.

1. Responsible use of technology

A digital citizen understands that technology should be used in a proper and thoughtful way. This means not abusing devices, not wasting time excessively, and not using technology to harm others.

2. Respect for others online

Online communication should follow the same basic values as face-to-face communication. A digital citizen avoids rude comments, harassment, hate speech, and cyberbullying. They show courtesy, empathy, and professionalism.

3. Awareness of privacy and security

A digital citizen knows that online spaces can be risky. They take steps to protect themselves, such as using strong passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, avoiding suspicious links, and being careful about what they post.

4. Ethical behavior

Ethics matter online. A digital citizen does not steal digital content, copy assignments, spread pirated materials, or manipulate others. They give credit to original creators and use digital resources honestly.

5. Critical evaluation of information

Not everything online is true. A digital citizen checks sources, compares information, identifies bias, and avoids sharing fake news or misleading content.

6. Positive participation

A digital citizen does not only avoid harm. They also contribute positively by sharing helpful knowledge, supporting others, participating in online learning, and using digital tools for meaningful purposes.

Elements of digital citizenship

Digital citizenship is often explained through several major elements. These can be grouped into practical areas:

Digital access

This means having the opportunity to use digital tools and the internet. Good digital citizenship also includes fairness and inclusion, so more people can benefit from technology.

Digital communication

This involves how people interact through email, messaging apps, social media, discussion forums, and video calls. A digital citizen communicates clearly, respectfully, and appropriately.

Digital literacy

Digital literacy means knowing how to use digital tools, find information, judge content quality, and adapt to changing technology. It is a core part of digital citizenship.

Digital etiquette

This refers to proper behavior online. Examples include not spamming, not typing offensive comments, not interrupting online meetings, and respecting online discussion rules.

Digital law

Digital actions can have legal consequences. Downloading pirated content, hacking, identity theft, and online harassment may violate the law. A digital citizen understands these boundaries.

Digital rights and responsibilities

People have digital rights such as privacy, freedom of expression, and access to information. But they also have responsibilities, such as respecting others’ rights and acting within ethical and legal limits.

Digital health and well-being

Technology use affects physical and mental health. A digital citizen manages screen time, avoids harmful content, maintains posture and eye health, and protects emotional well-being online.

Digital security

This is about self-protection in digital environments. It includes antivirus use, secure passwords, privacy settings, software updates, and awareness of phishing or scams.

Examples of good digital citizenship

Here are some practical examples:

• citing online sources properly in an assignment
• thinking before posting a comment on social media
• reporting fake accounts or harmful content
• using respectful language in a class WhatsApp group
• checking whether a news story is reliable before forwarding it
• not sharing someone’s photo without permission
• creating strong passwords for online accounts
• attending online classes professionally and responsibly

Examples of poor digital citizenship

These are behaviors that go against digital citizenship:

• cyberbullying classmates
• forwarding false news without checking facts
• copying and pasting assignments from the internet
• sharing private information about others
• downloading illegal software or movies
• using weak passwords like “123456”
• spreading hate, insults, or threats online
• creating fake profiles to deceive people

Digital citizenship for students

For students, digital citizenship is especially important because so much learning now happens online. A student who is a good digital citizen:

• uses the internet for learning, not only entertainment
• avoids plagiarism and academic dishonesty
• behaves respectfully in online classes and discussion boards
• protects personal data and school accounts
• evaluates online materials carefully before using them in assignments

In education, digital citizenship helps students become not only better learners, but also better members of society.

Digital citizenship for adults and workers

In the workplace, digital citizenship is linked to professionalism. Employees should:

• use official systems responsibly
• protect confidential information
• communicate politely in emails and meetings
• avoid sharing unverified information
• follow cyber security practices
• represent their organization positively online

Poor digital citizenship at work can damage trust, company reputation, and data security.

Difference between digital literacy and digital citizenship

• These two ideas are related but not identical.
• Digital literacy is about knowing how to use technology.
• Digital citizenship is about knowing how to behave when using technology.

So, a person may know how to use apps, websites, and AI tools, but digital citizenship asks whether that person uses them safely, ethically, and responsibly.

In one sentence

A digital citizen is someone who uses digital technology competently, safely, ethically, and responsibly in everyday life.

Conclusion

• Digital citizenship is an essential skill in modern life. 
• It is not enough to be connected or technologically skilled. 
• People must also know how to act responsibly in digital spaces. 
• A true digital citizen respects others, protects privacy, thinks critically, follows ethical rules, and uses technology for positive purposes. 
• In schools, workplaces, and society, digital citizenship helps create a safer, smarter, and more respectful digital world.

Selesai

Topic 6 Emerging Trends in IT - (Final Examination)

AI - Lecture notes 💥

1. Overview of Artificial Intelligence | ST1 | ST2 | ST3 | 
2. The Role of AI | ST1 | ST2 | ST3 | 

Topic 5 Digital Security, Ethics and Privacy - (Final Examination)

Lecture notes - | Latest |

Lecture notes - Click here

Self test - Test 1 | Test 2 | Test 3 | 💥

1. Digital security risks video 1 | 
2. Internet and network attacks video 1 | video 2 | Video 3 
3. Unauthorized access and use video 1 |
4. Software and information theft video 1 | 
5. Hardware theft, vandalism and failure video 1 | Video 2 
6. Wireless security video 1 | video 2 | 
7. Ethics and society video 1 | 
8. Information privacy video 1 | 

Lab Session - Presentation Software

File to download (Exercise)

Task

1. Refine/summarize into 5 slides only
2. Improve the first page
3. Include - Graphics
4. Include - animations 
5. Add - sound effect 
6. Add - slide transition
7. Add - Hyperlink (any files)
8. Add - a video

Topic content

1. Working with graphics / clip art / import from internet / hyperlink
2. Applying with animation schemes
3. Viewing the slides in a presentation
4. Annotations slides in a presentation

Lab Session - Word Processing Software

1. Working with graphics
2. Creating tables
3. Working with long documents (research paper)

Topic 4 Communication and Network - (Final Examination)

Lecture notes | Latest 1 | Latest 2 |

Combine notes : Click here

Lecture notes - T2 | T9 | 

Self test - Test 1 | Test 2 | Test 3 | 💥

1. The internet - Video 
2. Websites - Video 
3. Media 
4. Wired and wireless networks - Video 
5. Communication and network devices - Video 1 | Video 2 
6. Netiquette - Video 

Lab Session - Database Software

Instructions 

1. Bring you own device
2. With installed MS Access
3. Note book to jot down instructions and notes

Lecture Notes | Latest | old |

File to download (Exercise)

1. Introduction to Microsoft Access - Video 1
2. Overview of data, databases and information -  Video 1
3. File processing systems and databases - Video 1
4. Database Management system - Video 1
5. Application Development Languages and tools

Mirosoft Access

1. Introduction to Database
2. Introduction to Objects
3. Getting Started
4. Working with Database
5. Working with Tables
6. Customizing Tables
7. Working with Forms
8. Sorting and Filtering Records
9. Designing a simple Query
10. Multi-table Queries Part 1
11. Multi-table Queries Part 2
12. Modifying Queries
13. Create a Totals Query
14. Creating Reports
15. Printing Reports
16. Use the Reports Wizards
17. Formatting Reports
18. Modifying Tables
19. Creating Form
20. Customizing Forms settings
21. Formatting Forms
22. Others - How To Change Currency Microsoft Access 

File to download (Exercise)

Student Ms Access - sample Q for excercise

1. Step 1: Create and Rename a File
2. Step 2: Create and Format the Manufacturers Table
3. Step 3: Create and Format the Customers Table
4. Step 4: Create and Format the Manufacturers Form
5. Step 5: Create and Format the Customers Form
6. Step 6: Enter data into a form for the Manufacturers 
7. Step 7: Enter data into a form for the Customers
8. Step 8: Create Queries - Sorting the customer’s record
9. Step 9: Create Queries - Customers from MRAN
10. Step 10: Create Queries - Manufacturers discount of => 5%
11. Step 11: Create Queries - Customers Purchase
12. Step 12: Create Queries - City Jengka
13. Step 13: Create Report - Customers Purchase

Lab Session - Spreadsheet Software

Instructions 

1. Bring you own device
2. With installed MS Excel
3. Note book to jot down instructions and notes

Lecture Notes | Latest |

Coverage

Spreadsheet’s interface

Entering and correcting data

Using formulas and functions (min, max, median, average, sum)

Editing and formatting a worksheet

Creating chart

Topic 3 Computer operating systems, programs and applications (FE)

Week 5 - Test (Cover Week 1 & 2)

Lecture notes | Latest |

Combine notes : Click here

Lecture notes - T3 | T4 | T8 | 

Lecture video - whatapps group

Self test - Test 1 | Test 2 | Test 3 | 💥

1. Entrance survey - Check 
2. Grouping - Check
3. Types of operating systems - Video 1 | Video 2
4. Operating system functions - Video 1 | Video 2 
5. Introduction to Window Operating system - Video
6. Overview of programs and apps - Video
7. Productivity applications - Video
8. Graphic and media software - Video
9. Other applications

 

Topic 2 Computing Components - (Test)

Topic 2 - Computing Components - (Test)

Lecture notes | Latest | cold |
(Others) T3 | T6 | T7 |

Lecture video - whatapps group

Videos - 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |

Self test - Test 1 | Test 2 | Test 3 | 💥

1. Grouping - fill it up and upload at whatsapp group 
2. Entrance survey - Check 
3. SLT - Re-explain for 
4. Do some excersices 
5. Processors - video 
6. Memory - video 1 | video 2 
7. The Cloud - video 1 | video 2 
8. Input - video 
9. Output - video 
10. Digital storage - video 

Topic 1 An Overview of Today’s Technologies, Computer, Devices and The Web (Test)

Topic 1

An Overview of Today’s Technologies, Computer, Devices and The Web (Test)

Lecture notes | Latest | old | ✅✔☑

Lecture video - whatapps group

Videos - 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ✅✔☑

Self test - Test 1 | Test 2 | Test 3 | 💥

Today's task

1. Ice breaking - postponed until the upcoming face-to-face class.
2. Introduction on OBE-SCL ✅✔☑
3. Entrance survey - 30 Mar 2026 - 03 May 2026 ✅✔☑
4. Assessment plan ✅✔☑
5. SLT ✅✔☑
6. Tick attendance - ufuture ✅✔☑
7. Grouping - Please be informed that the group project must be completed in groups of up to five (5) members only. ✅✔☑

Today's lesson

1. ONE word to describe what technology means
2. How technology impacts you, society and professional world?
3. Digital citizens
4. How to Protect your privacy?
5. How to use technology in your job search?
6. Ethics and issues assistive Technology
7. Summary

AIS160 - Lecture Notes

Topic 1

An Overview of Today’s Technologies, Computer, Devices and The Web (Test)

Topic 2

Computing Components - (Test)

Topic 3

Computer operating systems, programs and applications (FE)

Topic 4

Communication and Network - (FE)

Topic 5

Digital Security, Ethics and Privacy - (Final Examination)

Topic 6

Emerging Trends in IT - (Final Examination)

Lab Session

1. Spreadsheet Software
2. Database Software
3. Word Processing Software
4. Presentation Software

Tazkirah 29 Ramadhan - Penutup

Alhamdulillah, kita kini berada pada 29 Ramadhan. Ini mungkin malam terakhir Ramadhan bagi sebahagian tempat bergantung kepada rukyah anak bulan. Hakikatnya, kita sedang berada di hujung perjalanan yang sangat mulia. Dan hujung ini bukan sekadar “penghujung bulan”, tetapi penghujung peluang yakni peluang untuk diampunkan, peluang untuk berubah, peluang untuk mengisi malam malam yang Allah muliakan. Ramadhan hampir pergi. Persoalannya: adakah kita akan meninggalkannya dengan hati yang lebih hidup, atau dengan hati yang sama seperti sebelum ia datang.

29 Ramadhan mengajar kita bahawa penutup menentukan nilai. Dalam banyak perkara, akhir yang baik memberi makna kepada keseluruhan perjalanan. Begitu juga Ramadhan. Mungkin ada malam yang kita terlepas. Mungkin ada hari yang kita longgar. Mungkin ada ibadah yang kita tidak sempat buat. Tetapi jangan biarkan penghujung ini berlalu kosong. Jika hari hari sebelum ini kita kurang, jadikan malam ini malam tebusan. Jika sebelum ini kita kuat, jadikan malam ini malam peneguhan. Kerana Allah tidak menilai “sempurna sepanjang jalan” sahaja, Allah juga melihat siapa yang berusaha menutupnya dengan baik.

Pada malam ini, fokuskan kepada empat perkara yang paling besar nilainya: taubat, doa, istighfar, dan niat untuk istiqamah.

Pertama, taubat. Malam ini sesuai untuk taubat yang jujur. Bukan taubat yang sekadar lafaz, tetapi taubat yang benar benar mengaku: “Ya Allah, aku banyak lalai. Aku banyak ulang dosa. Aku banyak tangguh kebaikan.” Sebut satu demi satu dosa yang kita sedar. Minta Allah ampunkan. Minta Allah tutup aib. Minta Allah putuskan tabiat buruk yang berulang. Taubat yang jujur akan melahirkan rasa malu kepada Allah, dan rasa malu itu akan menjaga kita selepas Ramadhan.

Kedua, doa. Jangan jadikan doa malam terakhir hanya doa “umum”. Jadikan ia doa yang menyusun masa depan. Minta Allah tetapkan iman. Minta Allah jadikan solat kita terjaga selepas Ramadhan. Minta Allah lembutkan hati kita. Minta Allah pelihara keluarga. Minta Allah beri rezeki halal yang berkat. Minta Allah beri husnul khatimah. Dan doa untuk diri yang paling penting ialah: “Ya Allah, jangan jadikan Ramadhan ini sekadar acara tahunan, tetapi jadikan ia permulaan hidup baru.”

Ketiga, istighfar. Banyakkan istighfar malam ini. Istighfar adalah pembersih hati. Ia membuka pintu rahmat. Ia menutup kesombongan. Kadang kadang kita tidak sedar betapa banyak dosa kecil yang kita kumpul: kata kata yang kasar, pandangan yang liar, masa yang dibazir, hak orang yang kita abaikan. Istighfar malam terakhir ini adalah “pembersihan akhir” sebelum Ramadhan pergi. Dan siapa yang keluar dari Ramadhan dengan istighfar, dia keluar dengan harapan yang besar.

Keempat, niat untuk istiqamah. Inilah ujian sebenar selepas Ramadhan. Ramai orang hebat dalam Ramadhan, tetapi longgar selepasnya. Maka malam ini, buat keputusan yang jelas: pilih amalan yang realistik untuk teruskan. Jangan terlalu banyak. Pilih yang mampu tetapi konsisten. Contohnya, solat fardu awal waktu, al-Quran beberapa muka surat seminggu, sedekah kecil setiap minggu, istighfar harian, atau puasa sunat yang mampu. Kejayaan Ramadhan bukan hanya pada “apa yang kita buat dalam bulan ini”, tetapi pada “apa yang kita bawa keluar dari bulan ini”.

29 Ramadhan juga masa untuk kita membersihkan hubungan sesama manusia. Jika masih ada dendam, lepaskan. Jika ada orang yang kita perlu minta maaf, mulakan. Jika ada hak orang yang kita ambil, pulangkan. Kerana kita mahu keluar dari Ramadhan dengan hati yang ringan. Hati yang ringan lebih mudah untuk terus istiqamah.

Akhirnya, malam ini adalah malam perpisahan. Berpisah dengan Ramadhan sepatutnya membuat kita sedih, tetapi sedih yang membina. Sedih yang mendorong kita menjaga amalan. Sedih yang membuat kita menghargai masa. Sedih yang membuat kita berharap untuk bertemu lagi, jika Allah izinkan. Jangan biarkan Ramadhan pergi tanpa kita mengucapkan “selamat tinggal” dengan ibadah. Tutup malam ini dengan sujud, doa, dan taubat.

Ya Allah, jika ini malam terakhir Ramadhan kami, terimalah amal kami yang sedikit dan ampunkan dosa kami yang banyak. Jangan Engkau jadikan kami termasuk orang yang rugi. Tetapkan hati kami selepas Ramadhan, peliharalah iman kami, dan kurniakan kami istiqamah hingga akhir hayat. Temukan kami dengan Ramadhan yang akan datang dalam keadaan lebih baik, jika Engkau panjangkan umur kami. Amin.

Azmi Nias

19 Mac 2026

Tazkirah 28 Ramadhan - Teruskan, Kerana Peluang Masih Ada

Alhamdulillah, kita kini berada pada 28 Ramadhan. Selepas 27 Ramadhan yang sering dianggap “malam puncak” oleh ramai orang, hari ini membawa satu ujian yang sangat halus: ujian rasa lega dan rasa sudah cukup. Ada yang berkata dalam hati, “Dah all out semalam, malam ni rehatlah.” Ada yang mula kembali sibuk dengan persiapan raya hingga malam malam akhir jadi longgar. Ada juga yang mula kecewa kerana “tak rasa apa apa” lalu semangat jatuh. Sedangkan hakikatnya, Ramadhan belum tamat. Peluang belum habis.

28 Ramadhan mengajar kita bahawa orang beriman tidak bergantung kepada satu malam sahaja. Kita tidak tahu malam mana Allah pilih. Kita tidak tahu amal mana Allah terima. Dan kita tidak tahu malam mana menjadi sebab dosa kita diampunkan. Sebab itu, selepas 27 Ramadhan, kita perlu lebih matang dalam ibadah: jangan jadikan ibadah bermusim, jadikan ibadah sebagai kesetiaan. Malam terakhir ini bukan masa untuk mengendur, tetapi masa untuk menutup Ramadhan dengan kemas.

Satu perkara penting pada 28 Ramadhan ialah menjaga konsistensi. Kadang kadang Allah memberi ganjaran besar bukan kerana kita melakukan sesuatu yang luar biasa sekali, tetapi kerana kita istiqamah melakukan kebaikan walaupun kecil. Jika malam semalam kita kuat, malam ini jangan kosong. Tidak perlu sama intensiti, tetapi jangan hilang. Sekurang kurangnya, ada solat yang lebih khusyuk, ada al-Quran yang dibaca, ada istighfar yang dilafaz, dan ada doa yang dipanjat. Kerana setiap malam ini masih berada dalam lingkungan “musim besar” rahmat Allah.

Pada 28 Ramadhan ini juga, elok kita fokus kepada taubat yang berterusan. Jangan hanya bertaubat pada malam tertentu, kemudian kembali longgar. Taubat itu bukan satu acara, tetapi satu perjalanan. Kita semua ada dosa yang berulang. Malam ini mohon kepada Allah supaya Ramadhan bukan sekadar “membersihkan dosa sementara”, tetapi menjadi titik untuk memutuskan tabiat dosa. Minta Allah kurniakan kita kekuatan selepas Syawal nanti, kerana ramai orang kalah bukan dalam Ramadhan, tetapi selepas Ramadhan.

Selain itu, 28 Ramadhan adalah masa untuk kita mula menyusun pelan selepas Ramadhan. Ramai orang sedih Ramadhan berakhir, tetapi mereka tidak merancang bagaimana mahu mengekalkan roh Ramadhan. Akhirnya, Syawal memadam semuanya. Maka malam ini, pilih beberapa amalan kecil yang realistik untuk dibawa terus. Contohnya, solat berjemaah lebih kerap, bacaan al-Quran beberapa muka surat seminggu, istighfar harian, sedekah mingguan walaupun kecil, atau puasa sunat enam Syawal. Jangan terlalu banyak sasaran sampai gagal. Pilih yang mampu, tetapi berterusan. Itulah tanda Ramadhan benar benar mendidik.

Dalam masa yang sama, kita perlu berhati hati dengan “pencuri akhir Ramadhan” iaitu persiapan raya. Persiapan itu bukan salah. Tetapi bila persiapan mengambil alih seluruh perhatian sampai malam malam akhir dibiarkan, itu kerugian besar. Makanan boleh dibuat kemudian. Baju boleh dicari siang hari. Rumah boleh dikemas sedikit sedikit. Tetapi malam akhir Ramadhan, bila ia pergi, ia tidak akan kembali. Jadi 28 Ramadhan mengajar kita mengurus prioriti: Raya itu sehari, tetapi peluang Ramadhan ini mungkin sekali seumur hidup.

Satu lagi amalan yang sangat berharga pada malam ini ialah membersihkan hati. Jika masih ada dendam, lepaskan. Jika masih ada orang yang kita perlu minta maaf, mulakan. Jika ada hak yang belum selesai, niatkan untuk selesaikan. Hati yang bersih adalah hadiah terbaik yang kita boleh bawa keluar daripada Ramadhan. Kerana amal tanpa hati yang bersih mudah menjadi rutin.

Akhirnya, 28 Ramadhan adalah peringatan bahawa penutup menentukan nilai sesuatu perjalanan. Dalam banyak perkara, penutup yang baik membuat keseluruhan perjalanan terasa bermakna. Maka jangan biarkan Ramadhan kita ditutup dengan kelalaian. Tutup dengan doa, tutup dengan istighfar, tutup dengan al-Quran, tutup dengan hati yang tunduk. Jika semalam kuat, hari ini kekalkan. Jika semalam kurang, hari ini tebus. Jangan berhenti selagi Ramadhan belum berakhir.

Ya Allah, jangan Engkau biarkan kami leka pada malam malam terakhir ini. Terimalah amal kami yang sedikit, ampunkan dosa kami yang banyak, dan kurniakan kami istiqamah selepas Ramadhan. Jadikan penutup Ramadhan ini penutup yang indah, dan jadikan Syawal nanti permulaan hidup yang lebih taat. Amin.

Azmi Nias

18 Mac 2026

Tazkirah 27 Ramadhan - Jangan Menunggu

Alhamdulillah, kita kini berada pada 27 Ramadhan. Malam ini sering disebut oleh masyarakat sebagai malam yang paling diharapkan untuk Lailatul Qadar. Masjid biasanya lebih penuh, orang lebih ramai bersedekah, dan ramai yang bersungguh sungguh beribadah. Itu satu tanda baik. Tetapi 27 Ramadhan mengajar kita satu perkara yang sangat penting: jangan jadikan malam ini sekadar “malam tradisi”, tetapi jadikan ia malam kembali. Jangan hanya menunggu Lailatul Qadar, tetapi datang kepada Allah dengan hati yang tunduk, jujur, dan benar benar mahu berubah.

Kita perlu ingat: Lailatul Qadar adalah rahsia Allah. Kita tidak boleh memastikan, tetapi kita boleh memaksimumkan peluang. Malam ini, sama ada ia benar benar Lailatul Qadar atau tidak, tetap merupakan malam yang sangat besar nilainya kerana ia berada dalam 10 malam terakhir. Dan hakikatnya, orang yang benar benar mencari Lailatul Qadar tidak akan hanya “all out” pada satu malam, tetapi tetap bersungguh pada malam malam yang lain. Namun, jika Allah gerakkan hati kita untuk lebih serius pada 27 Ramadhan ini, maka jangan sia siakan peluang itu.

Pada malam ini, yang paling penting bukan berapa banyak kita buat, tetapi bagaimana hati kita berada. Ada orang solat panjang tetapi hatinya penuh ego. Ada orang membaca banyak tetapi hatinya masih keras. Ada orang bersedekah tetapi hatinya mengharap pujian. Malam ini, datanglah dengan rasa fakir, rasa sangat memerlukan Allah. Datang dengan pengakuan: “Ya Allah, aku banyak salah. Aku lemah. Aku perlukan keampunanMu.” Hati yang tunduk lebih dekat kepada rahmat berbanding amal yang banyak tetapi kosong.

Antara amalan terbaik pada malam ini ialah doa. Doa yang paling kuat bukan yang paling panjang, tetapi yang paling jujur. Angkat tangan dan sebut apa yang selama ini kita simpan. Minta ampun atas dosa yang berulang. Minta Allah tutup aib. Minta Allah bersihkan hati daripada riak, ujub, hasad, dan dendam. Minta Allah baiki hubungan keluarga. Minta Allah beri rezeki halal yang berkat. Minta Allah tetapkan iman sampai akhir hayat. Dan jika kita mahu doa yang sangat masyhur dalam pencarian Lailatul Qadar, mohonlah keampunan dan kemaafan Allah dengan sepenuh hati.

Selain doa, hidupkan juga malam ini dengan solat yang berkualiti. Jika mampu, panjangkan sujud. Dalam sujud, kita paling dekat dengan Allah. Banyakkan istighfar. Banyakkan selawat. Baca al-Quran walaupun beberapa halaman, tetapi cuba tadabbur satu ayat yang menyentuh. Jangan terlalu mengejar laju. Malam ini bukan tentang “habis bacaan”, tetapi tentang “hidupnya jiwa”.

Satu lagi perkara yang sangat penting pada 27 Ramadhan ialah menjaga hati daripada rasa bangga. Kadang kadang bila masjid penuh, bila kita rasa “aku pun buat banyak malam ni”, perlahan lahan masuk rasa puas diri. Itu bahaya. Ibadah yang besar boleh rosak bila disertai ujub dan riak. Sebab itu, malam ini latih diri untuk merendah diri. Bila selesai solat, jangan rasa “aku hebat”. Sebaliknya rasa “Ya Allah, terimalah… aku takut amal aku ditolak.” Hamba yang takut amalnya tidak diterima biasanya lebih dekat kepada ikhlas.

Malam ini juga masa terbaik untuk memaafkan. Jangan bawa dendam sampai hujung Ramadhan. Jangan bawa kebencian ke malam yang penuh rahmat. Jika ada luka lama, lepaskan. Jika ada orang yang kita perlu minta maaf, niatkan untuk perbaiki. Hati yang bersih lebih mudah menerima cahaya malam. Hati yang berat lebih mudah tenggelam dalam gelap walaupun ibadah banyak.

Akhirnya, 27 Ramadhan mengingatkan kita bahawa manusia selalu berharap pada satu malam, tetapi Allah mahu kita bersungguh sepanjang perjalanan. Jika malam ini Allah beri kita rasa luar biasa, syukuri dan teruskan. Jika malam ini kita tidak rasa apa apa, jangan kecewa. Ukuran bukan perasaan, ukuran ialah istiqamah dan perubahan. Dan perubahan paling besar ialah apabila selepas malam ini, kita lebih dekat kepada Allah dan lebih benci kepada dosa.

Ya Allah, jika malam ini Lailatul Qadar, rezekikan kami kebaikannya. Jika bukan, tetap terimalah amal kami dan jangan Engkau biarkan kami rugi. Ampunkan dosa kami, bersihkan hati kami, tetapkan iman kami, dan jadikan malam ini titik perubahan yang kekal dalam hidup kami. Amin.

Azmi Nias

17 Mac 2026