29.1 Encryption
Encryption changes readable data into coded data.
Only authorised users with the correct key can read the information.
Example
When a student uses a secure website to submit an assignment, encryption helps protect the data during transmission.
29.2 Authentication
Authentication verifies the identity of a user.
Examples:
- Username and password
- One-time password
- Fingerprint scan
- Facial recognition
- Security token
29.3 Firewall
A firewall monitors and controls network traffic.
It acts like a security checkpoint between a private network and the Internet.
29.4 Biometric Devices
Biometric devices identify users based on physical characteristics.
Examples:
- Fingerprint scanner
- Facial recognition system
- Iris scanner
29.5 Network-Attached Storage
Network-Attached Storage (NAS) is a storage device connected to a network.
It allows authorised users to store and retrieve files centrally.
Benefits
- Centralised storage
- Easier file sharing
- Easier backup management
- Controlled access
29.6 Network Monitoring Software
Network monitoring software observes the status and performance of a network.
It may help administrators:
- Monitor traffic volume
- Identify unusual activity
- Detect network failures
- Measure bandwidth usage
- Identify overloaded devices
29.7 Packet Sniffer
A packet sniffer monitors and records network traffic for analysis.
It may be used ethically by authorised administrators for troubleshooting and security monitoring.
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