Network Topologies

 

A network topology describes how devices are arranged and connected.

10.1 Bus Network

In a bus network, all devices are connected to a central cable called a bus.

Computer ─── Printer ─── Server ─── Computer
              Main Cable

Advantages:

• Simple structure
• Requires fewer cables

Limitations:

• If the main cable fails, communication may stop
• Performance may decrease when many devices are connected

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10.2 Ring Network

In a ring network, devices are connected in a circular arrangement. Data moves sequentially from one device to another.

Computer ─── Computer
   │             │
Printer ───── Server

Advantages:

• Data follows an organised path

Limitations:

• Failure of one device may interrupt communication
• Troubleshooting can be difficult

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10.3 Star Network

In a star network, every device is connected to a central device, such as a switch or router.

           Computer
               │
Printer ─── Router ─── Laptop
               │
           Smartphone

Advantages:

• Easy to add or remove devices
• Failure of one connected device does not normally affect the other devices
• Easier to manage

Limitation:

• If the central device fails, the network may stop functioning

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10.4 Mesh Network

In a mesh network, devices are interconnected using multiple paths.

Computer A ─── Computer B
    │  ╲           ╱  │
    │    ╲       ╱    │
    │      ╲   ╱      │
Computer C ─── Computer D

Advantages:

• Provides alternative communication routes
• More reliable if one connection fails

Limitations:

• More complex to install
• May require more equipment and cables

The uploaded module illustrates these four network topologies using diagrams: bus, mesh, ring and star structures.